Compile data, compute fees and charges, and prepare invoices for billing purposes. Duties include computing costs and calculating rates for goods, services, and shipment of goods; posting data; and keeping other relevant records. May involve use of computer or typewriter, calculator, and adding and bookkeeping machines.
U.S. Workers
417,500
Median Salary
$47,170
10-Year Growth
-0.4%
Annual Openings
42,200
Typical entry: High school diploma or equivalent
17 of 17 tasks have some AI capability
Exposure Trend
This score reflects estimated AI technical capability for tasks in this occupation. It does not predict employment changes, and it does not account for company-specific constraints, regulation, or adoption barriers.
Verify accuracy of billing data and revise any errors.
AI: Fully automatable - AI can fully verify billing accuracy and revise errors using rule engines, anomaly detection, and automated correction workflows integrated into billing systems.
Prepare itemized statements, bills, or invoices and record amounts due for items purchased or services rendered.
AI: Fully automatable - AI can fully prepare itemized statements and record amounts due because billing systems and automation can generate invoices from transaction data and post balances automatically.
Perform bookkeeping work, including posting data or keeping other records concerning costs of goods or services or the shipment of goods.
AI: Fully automatable - AI can fully perform routine bookkeeping tasks including posting and record‑keeping using accounting software and automated data pipelines, although complex exceptions may still need human review.
Operate typing, adding, calculating, or billing machines.
AI: Fully automatable - AI and automation tools can fully perform digital typing, adding, calculating, and billing operations within modern software environments.
Type billing documents, shipping labels, credit memorandums, or credit forms, using typewriters or computers.
AI: Fully automatable - Generating and populating billing documents and forms on computers is fully automatable with current templates, OCR, and RPA/AI workflows.
Review documents such as purchase orders, sales tickets, charge slips, or hospital records to compute fees or charges due.
AI: Fully automatable - OCR combined with rule-based and ML systems can review documents and compute fees or charges for routine and structured cases, enabling full automation in most contexts.
Keep records of invoices and support documents.
AI: Fully automatable - Ingesting, indexing, and maintaining records of invoices and support documents is straightforward to fully automate with existing document-management and accounting systems.
Track accumulated hours and dollar amounts charged to each client job to calculate client fees for professional services, such as legal or accounting services.
AI: Fully automatable - Tracking hours and dollar amounts and calculating client fees is readily automated with time-tracking and billing systems, aside from discretionary billing decisions.
Compute credit terms, discounts, shipment charges, or rates for goods or services to complete billing documents.
AI: Fully automatable - AI can fully calculate credit terms, discounts, shipment charges, and rates from rules and input data and populate billing documents automatically.
Compile reports of cost factors, such as labor, production, storage, or equipment.
AI: Fully automatable - AI can aggregate data from systems and generate reports of cost factors such as labor, production, storage, or equipment automatically.
Answer mail or telephone inquiries regarding rates, routing, or procedures.
AI: Partial - AI can handle many routine mail and phone inquiries, but complex, ambiguous, or sensitive cases and regulatory nuances still require human intervention.
Resolve discrepancies in accounting records.
AI: Partial - Automated reconciliation can resolve many discrepancies, but novel, complex, or investigatory discrepancies that require judgment still need human oversight.
Contact customers to obtain or relay account information.
AI: Partial - AI can perform routine customer contact to obtain or relay account information, but regulatory consent, authentication, and complex interactions often require humans.
Consult sources such as rate books, manuals, or insurance company representatives to determine specific charges or information such as rules, regulations, or government tax and tariff information.
AI: Partial - AI can consult digital rate books and manuals and extract rules, but interpreting ambiguous rules and liaising with human representatives or resolving edge cases often needs human judgment.
Update manuals when rates, rules, or regulations are amended.
AI: Partial - Automated detection and draft updates for amended rates/rules are possible, but final manual updates typically require human review and compliance sign-off.
Review compiled data on operating costs and revenues to set rates.
AI: Partial - AI can analyze compiled cost and revenue data and propose rate options, but setting final rates typically requires human strategic judgment and policy/contextual considerations.
Estimate market value of products or services.
AI: Partial - AI can produce market-value estimates using models and external data, but valuation involves uncertainty and subjective/strategic factors that usually need human oversight.